Nizoral (Ketoconazole)

Ketoconazole, the active ingredient in Nizoral, is an azole antifungal presented as a topical formulation for skin application. It is used to treat fungal skin infections such as tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis, seborrheic dermatitis and pityriasis versicolor. GNH USA supplies Nizoral as a licensed, GDP‑compliant international pharmaceutical supplier serving hospitals, pharmacies and clinics worldwide.

Ketoconazole acts on dermatophyte and yeast infections of the skin, reducing fungal growth and associated inflammation. - Tinea corporis: clears ring‑shaped fungal lesions on the body. - Tinea cruris: relieves itching and redness in the groin area. - Tinea pedis: treats athlete’s foot and reduces scaling. - Seborrheic dermatitis: diminishes flaking and erythema on scalp and face. - Pityriasis versicolor: eliminates discolored patches caused by Malassezia species.

Topical ketoconazole is generally well tolerated, but local reactions can occur.

Common Side Effects: - Burning sensation: mild to moderate heat at the application site. - Itching: transient pruritus during treatment. - Skin irritation: redness or mild inflammation. - Dryness: temporary loss of moisture on treated skin. - Peeling: superficial desquamation as the lesion resolves.

Serious or Rare Side Effects: - Allergic contact dermatitis: severe rash, swelling, or hives. - Stevens‑Johnson syndrome: rare but life‑threatening skin reaction. - Systemic absorption leading to hepatotoxicity: elevated liver enzymes in susceptible individuals. - Severe photosensitivity: exaggerated sunburn response. - Anaphylaxis: acute, potentially fatal hypersensitivity reaction.

Before using topical ketoconazole, consider the following safety measures. - Avoid application on broken or inflamed skin: may increase systemic absorption. - Keep away from eyes and mucous membranes: can cause irritation. - Discontinue if severe irritation or allergic reaction occurs: seek medical advice. - Do not use with other topical irritants or corticosteroids unless directed. - Store at below 25°C: keep in original container, protect from moisture and direct sunlight.

Ketoconazole can interact with other medications, especially when systemic absorption is possible.

Major Interactions (Avoid): - Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole oral, itraconazole): may increase systemic ketoconazole levels. - Warfarin: enhanced anticoagulant effect, monitor INR closely. - Oral contraceptives: reduced efficacy, consider alternative contraception.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely): - Other topical antifungals: risk of additive irritation. - Systemic steroids: may mask signs of infection. - Antihistamines: possible increased sedation if systemic exposure occurs.