Melkart

Vildagliptin, the active ingredient in Melkart, is a DPP-4 inhibitor presented as an oral tablet for oral use. It treats type 2 diabetes mellitus in adults by improving blood‑glucose control when diet and exercise alone are insufficient.

GNH USA supplies Melkart as a licensed, GDP‑compliant international pharmaceutical supplier serving hospitals, pharmacies and clinics worldwide.

Melkart (vildagliptin) is used in the management of type 2 diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder that affects glucose regulation. - Type 2 diabetes mellitus: improves glycaemic control by increasing insulin secretion and reducing glucagon release. - Adjunct to diet and exercise: provides additional glucose‑lowering effect when lifestyle measures are inadequate. - Combination therapy: can be co‑prescribed with metformin, sulfonylureas or insulin to achieve target HbA1c levels.

Vildagliptin is generally well tolerated, but adverse reactions can occur.

Common Side Effects: - Nausea: mild to moderate stomach upset. - Headache: transient cranial discomfort. - Dizziness: occasional light‑headedness. - Upper respiratory tract infection: mild cold‑like symptoms. - Diarrhoea: loose stools, usually self‑limiting. - Hypoglycaemia (when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas): low blood sugar episodes.

Serious or Rare Side Effects: - Pancreatitis: severe abdominal pain requiring immediate medical attention. - Severe allergic reactions: rash, swelling, or anaphylaxis. - Hepatic injury: elevated liver enzymes or jaundice. - Bullous skin disorders: blistering skin conditions such as Stevens‑Johnson syndrome. - Acute renal failure: sudden decline in kidney function. - Cardiovascular events: rare reports of heart failure exacerbation.

Before initiating therapy with vildagliptin, several safety considerations should be reviewed. - Renal function monitoring: adjust use in patients with impaired kidney function. - Hepatic impairment: evaluate liver enzymes and use cautiously. - Concomitant insulin or sulfonylureas: monitor for hypoglycaemia and adjust doses. - History of pancreatitis: avoid or use only after careful risk‑benefit assessment. - Hypersensitivity: discontinue if allergic reactions develop. - Store at ambient temperature: keep in the original container, protect from moisture and direct sunlight.

Vildagliptin may interact with other medicines, altering its efficacy or safety profile.

Major Interactions (Avoid): - Insulin: increased risk of severe hypoglycaemia. - Sulfonylureas (e.g., glipizide): heightened hypoglycaemia potential. - Strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g., ketoconazole): may raise vildagliptin plasma levels.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely): - Rifampin: may reduce vildagliptin exposure, decreasing effectiveness. - Digoxin: potential increase in digoxin concentrations. - Warfarin: monitor INR as anticoagulant effect could be altered.