Melatonin

Melatonin, the active ingredient in Melatonin, is a melatonin receptor agonist presented as an unspecified strength/oral tablet for oral use. It helps manage insomnia, jet lag, and sleep‑wake rhythm disorders in adults.

GNH USA supplies Melatonin as a licensed, GDP‑compliant international pharmaceutical supplier serving hospitals, pharmacies and clinics worldwide.

Melatonin acts on melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptors to regulate the sleep‑wake cycle, making it useful for several sleep‑related conditions. - Insomnia: facilitates sleep onset and improves sleep continuity in individuals with difficulty falling asleep. - Jet lag: assists in adjusting circadian rhythms after rapid east‑west travel, reducing daytime sleepiness. - Sleep‑wake rhythm disorders: supports normalization of abnormal sleep patterns such as delayed sleep phase syndrome.

Melatonin is generally well tolerated, but adverse reactions can occur.

Common Side Effects: - Drowsiness or daytime sleepiness - Headache - Dizziness - Nausea or mild gastrointestinal discomfort - Vivid dreams or nightmares - Mild fatigue

Serious or Rare Side Effects: - Allergic reactions (rash, itching, swelling) - Severe skin reactions (Stevens‑Johnson syndrome) - Mood changes including depression or anxiety - Seizures in predisposed individuals - Hormonal disturbances (e.g., altered menstrual cycles) - Significant blood pressure changes.

When considering melatonin therapy, several safety aspects should be reviewed. - Evaluate underlying psychiatric conditions: monitor for mood changes or depression. - Review seizure history: use cautiously in patients with epilepsy. - Assess concurrent use of sedatives: risk of additive CNS depression. - Consider hepatic or renal impairment: may affect drug clearance. - Store at ambient temperature below 25°C: keep in the original pack, protect from moisture and light.

Melatonin may interact with other medicines, requiring attention to avoid reduced efficacy or increased toxicity.

Major Interactions (Avoid): - Anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin): may enhance bleeding risk. - Immunosuppressants (e.g., cyclosporine): may alter melatonin metabolism. - Central nervous system depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines): additive sedation.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely): - CYP1A2 inhibitors (e.g., fluvoxamine): increase melatonin plasma levels. - CYP1A2 inducers (e.g., smoking, carbamazepine): decrease melatonin exposure. - Oral contraceptives: may raise melatonin concentrations. - Antihypertensives: potential modest blood pressure reduction. - Antidepressants (e.g., SSRIs): possible synergistic effects on sleep architecture.