Invokana

Canagliflozin, the active ingredient in Invokana, is a sodium‑glucose co‑transporter‑2 (SGLT2) inhibitor presented as an oral tablet for oral use. It received marketing authorization in the European Union and is classified as a prescription‑only medicine. The drug is prescribed to improve glycaemic control in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, often in combination with diet, exercise and other antidiabetic agents.

GNH USA supplies Invokana as a licensed, GDP‑compliant international pharmaceutical supplier serving hospitals, pharmacies and clinics worldwide, ensuring quality and regulatory compliance.

Invokana is an SGLT2 inhibitor used in the management of type 2 diabetes and its related complications.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus: lowers blood glucose by increasing urinary glucose excretion. Cardiovascular risk reduction in type 2 diabetes: decreases incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events. Chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes: slows progression of renal function decline.

Common Side Effects: - Urinary tract infection: symptoms such as dysuria or frequency. - Genital mycotic infection: itching or discharge in genital area. - Increased urination: polyuria and nocturia. - Thirst: polydipsia due to osmotic diuresis. - Hypotension: especially in patients on diuretics. - Elevated LDL‑cholesterol: modest rise in serum levels.

Serious or Rare Side Effects: - Ketoacidosis: metabolic acidosis with normal or low glucose. - Severe dehydration: may require hospitalization. - Acute kidney injury: sudden decline in renal function. - Fournier's gangrene: necrotizing fasciitis of the perineum. - Bone fracture: increased risk of lower‑extremity fractures. - Severe hypoglycaemia: when combined with insulin or sulfonylureas.

Before initiating therapy, assess patient suitability and monitor for adverse events.

Assess renal function: evaluate eGFR and avoid use in severe renal impairment. Monitor for ketoacidosis: educate patients on symptoms and when to seek care. Avoid in severe hepatic impairment: contraindicated due to limited data. Review concomitant diuretics: increased risk of volume depletion and hypotension. Counsel on genital infection risk: advise good hygiene and prompt treatment. Store at ambient temperature: keep in original container, protect from moisture.

Canagliflozin may interact with several drug classes, requiring careful management.

Major Interactions (Avoid): - Insulin or sulfonylureas: heightened risk of hypoglycaemia. - Loop diuretics: may exacerbate volume depletion and hypotension. - Rifampin: induces metabolism, reducing canagliflozin exposure.

Moderate Interactions (Monitor Closely): - NSAIDs: potential impact on renal function. - ACE inhibitors or ARBs: monitor renal function and potassium levels. - Thiazide diuretics: additive diuretic effect, watch for dehydration.