Humulin Regular

Humulin Regular is a insulin product containing insulin human (rDNA) at a concentration of 100 U/mL, supplied as a solution for subcutaneous injection. It is a medication marketed in the European Union for the management of blood glucose in diabetes. The formulation mimics human insulin, providing onset of action to help control post‑prandial glucose excursions and is used as part of a diabetes care plan that includes diet, exercise, and monitoring.

Humulin Regular is prescribed for patients with diabetes who need a rapid‑acting insulin to lower blood glucose after meals or during acute hyperglycemia.

- Type 1 diabetes mellitus for basal‑bolus insulin regimens. - Type 2 diabetes mellitus when oral agents are insufficient. - Correction of post‑prandial hyperglycemia in both types. - Use in combination with a long‑acting (basal) insulin. - Management of hyperglycemia during illness or surgery. - May be used in pregnant women with diabetes when benefits outweigh risks (clinical judgment).

Adverse reactions to Humulin Regular are generally related to its pharmacologic activity and injection site.

Common: - Hypoglycemia (low blood glucose) - Pain, redness, or swelling at the injection site - Lipodystrophy or lipoatrophy at injection sites - Weight gain - Mild allergic skin reactions such as rash or itching

Serious: - Severe hypoglycemia leading to seizures or loss of consciousness - Anaphylactic or severe allergic reactions (e.g., urticaria, angioedema) - Hypokalemia - Insulin‑induced edema - Acute bronchospasm in rare cases

Clinicians should consider several safety factors before initiating Humulin Regular.

- Perform frequent blood‑glucose monitoring, especially when initiating or adjusting dose. - Adjust dose during periods of illness, reduced food intake, or increased physical activity. - Use caution in patients with hypoglycemia unawareness or a history of severe hypoglycemia. - Monitor renal and hepatic function; impairment may alter insulin clearance. - Pregnancy category is unknown; prescribe only if potential benefits justify the risks. - Avoid use in individuals with known hypersensitivity to insulin or any excipients. - Consider cardiovascular status, as rapid changes in glucose may affect heart disease patients.

Humulin Regular can interact with several medicines that affect blood‑glucose levels or insulin action.

Avoid: - Co‑administration of other rapid‑acting insulins or high‑dose sulfonylureas without dose adjustment. - Meglitinides taken concurrently without careful monitoring. - Excessive alcohol consumption, which can potentiate hypoglycemia. - Beta‑blockers that may mask hypoglycemia symptoms.

Use with caution: - ACE inhibitors or ARBs, which may increase insulin sensitivity and risk of hypoglycemia. - Thiazide diuretics, which can raise blood glucose and may require dose changes. - Corticosteroids, which increase glucose production and may necessitate higher insulin doses. - Oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, which can alter insulin requirements. - NSAIDs in patients with compromised renal function.