Glucagen

Glucagen is a glucagon injection solution supplied in a liquid form for intramuscular, intravenous, or subcutaneous administration. It contains the peptide hormone glucagon as the active ingredient and is marketed in the European Union as a prescription product. Glucagen is used to rapidly raise blood glucose levels in individuals experiencing severe hypoglycemia when oral carbohydrate intake is not feasible. Store according to label instructions and keep out of reach of children.

Glucagen is indicated for the emergency treatment of severe hypoglycemia in patients who are unable to ingest carbohydrates orally.

- Adults and children with type 1 or type 2 diabetes experiencing severe hypoglycemia. - Situations where rapid glucose elevation is required, such as after insulin overdose. - Use when glucagon is preferred over oral glucose due to unconsciousness or seizures. - Administration by trained healthcare professionals or caregivers in a medical emergency setting.

The safety profile of glucagon injection includes both common, generally mild reactions and rare, potentially serious events.

Common: - Nausea or vomiting. - Flushing or warmth sensation. - Headache. - Transient increase in heart rate.

Serious: - Severe allergic reaction (anaphylaxis) with rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing. - Hypotension or cardiovascular collapse. - Persistent hyperglycemia requiring medical attention. - Injection site necrosis (rare).

When using Glucagen, several precautions should be observed to ensure safe and effective treatment.

- Verify the diagnosis of severe hypoglycemia before administration. - Use only the prescribed concentration and volume; do not dilute the solution. - Ensure proper technique for intramuscular, intravenous, or subcutaneous injection. - Store the product at recommended temperature and protect from light. - Keep a record of each administration for follow‑up care. - Do not reuse the syringe or needle. - Seek medical evaluation after the emergency episode.

Glucagon may interact with certain medications, affecting its efficacy or safety.

Avoid: - Beta‑blockers, which can blunt the glycogenolytic response. - Long‑acting insulin analogues that may prolong hypoglycemia. - Somatostatin analogues that inhibit glucagon action.

Use with caution: - Oral hypoglycemic agents (e.g., sulfonylureas) that increase risk of recurrent hypoglycemia. - Catecholamine‑releasing drugs that may amplify cardiovascular effects. - Medications that affect hepatic glycogen stores, such as corticosteroids.