Glucagen

Glucagen is a prescription glucagon hormone product supplied in an injectable form for the European market. It contains the active ingredient glucagon, which is used to rapidly raise blood glucose levels in individuals experiencing severe hypoglycemia. The preparation is administered by intramuscular, intravenous, or subcutaneous injection, and is available without a specified strength or dosage form listed. The product is intended for emergency use under medical supervision.

Glucagen is indicated for the rapid treatment of severe hypoglycemia when oral glucose is not feasible or effective.

- Emergency reversal of hypoglycemia in diabetic patients receiving insulin or sulfonylureas. - Management of hypoglycemia unawareness in individuals with type 1 diabetes. - Treatment of hypoglycemic episodes during anesthesia or surgery. - Use in pediatric patients with congenital hyperinsulinism causing low blood sugar. - Support for caregivers and first responders to restore consciousness in acute hypoglycemic events.

Glucagen may cause a range of adverse reactions, most of which are mild and transient, while rare serious events require immediate medical attention.

Common: - Nausea, vomiting, or abdominal discomfort. - Flushing or warmth at the injection site. - Transient headache or dizziness.

Serious: - Severe allergic reaction such as anaphylaxis with rash, swelling, or difficulty breathing. - Rapid heart rate (tachycardia) or irregular heartbeat. - Persistent low blood pressure (hypotension) leading to fainting.

When using Glucagen, healthcare providers should consider several precautions to ensure safe and effective administration.

- Verify hypoglycemia severity before injection; use only when blood glucose is critically low. - Ensure correct route (intramuscular, intravenous, or subcutaneous) and proper technique. - Monitor patient vital signs and glucose levels after administration. - Avoid repeat dosing within a short interval unless directed by a clinician. - Store the product according to manufacturer guidelines, protecting it from light and extreme temperatures. - Educate patients and caregivers on recognizing hypoglycemia signs and proper injection procedures.

Glucagen can interact with other medications or substances that affect glucose metabolism or cardiovascular function.

Avoid: - Beta‑blockers, which may mask typical hypoglycemia symptoms after glucagon administration. - Long‑acting insulin analogues that could prolong low glucose states despite glucagon use. - Medications that cause severe vasoconstriction, potentially reducing glucagon absorption.

Use with caution: - Catecholamine agents (e.g., epinephrine) that may amplify cardiovascular effects. - Diuretics that influence fluid balance and blood pressure. - Anticholinergic drugs that could affect gastrointestinal motility and glucagon’s action.